Sains Malaysiana 52(7)(2023): 1999-2007

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-09

Potential of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Food Waste Compost for Controlling Rice Diseases

(Potensi Bacillus spp. yang Dipencilkan daripada Kompos Sisa Makanan untuk Mengawal Penyakit Beras)

USMANA MEEHAE¹, AUNKAMOL KUMNGEN¹, WILAIWAN CHOTIGEAT¹, SUDARAT SUWANNARAT¹, SUJUNYA ANUCHAN¹, SUKHUMAN WHANKAEW², SIWAPONG LEUNRAM³, SEPPO KARRILA⁴ & JUTARUT IEWKITTAYAKORN¹*

¹Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

²Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Technology and Community Development,

Thaksin University, Phatthalung, 93210, Thailand

³BIOAXEL Co., Ltd. 6/9 Moo 3 Bophut Chaweng Beach Road, Koh Sa-mui, Surat Thani 84320, Thailand

⁴Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand

Diserahkan: 10 Mac 2023/Diterima: 8 Julai 2023

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight, bakanae and blast are severe, economically damaging rice diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae, Fusarium fujikuroi, and Magnaporthe oryzae, respectively. Bacillus spp. have been applied as bioactive, eco-friendly agents to control these diseases. In this study, five antagonistic strains isolated from food waste compost, namely B. subtilis strain BS, B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, B. tequilensis strain 1-BA, B. licheniformis strain 2-BA, and Lysinibacillus. sp strain 3-BA were tested for their efficacy againstrice diseases. The inhibition of X. oryzae was tested by paper disc diffusion, while the inhibitions of F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae were tested in dual cultures. It was found that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 gave the widest clear zones. At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days, the strain had produced zones of inhibition against X. oryzaeof 7.41±0.65, 7.9±0.20, 8.8±0.65 and 8.90±0.12 mm, respectively. B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 also reduced the growth of the fungal rice pathogens F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae, achieving 98.79% and 97.74% inhibitions, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens strain C2-1 was also effective against X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae in the greenhouse. Fourteen days after spraying rice plants with the B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, infections with X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae were inhibited by 60%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. The results suggested that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 can be used as a biocontrol agent against bacterial leaf blight, bakanae, and rice blast diseases.

Keywords:  Bacillus amyloliquefacien; food waste; Fusarium fujikuroi; Magnaporthe oryzae; Xanthomonas oryzae

Abstrak

Hawar daun bakteria, bakanae dan letupan adalah penyakit padi yang teruk dan merosakkan ekonomi yang disebabkan masing-masing oleh Xanthomonas oryzae, Fusarium fujikuroidan Magnaporthe oryzae. Bacillus spp. telah digunakan sebagai agen bioaktif, mesra alam untuk mengawal penyakit ini. Dalam kajian ini, lima strain antagonis diasingkan daripada kompos sisa makanan iaitu strain BS B. subtilis, strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien, strain 1-BA B. tequilensis, strain 2-BA B. licheniformis dan strain 3-BA Lysinibacillus sp. telah diuji keberkesanannya terhadap penyakit padi. Perencatan X. oryzae telah diuji dengan resapan cakera kertas, manakala perencatan F. fujikuroi dan M. oryzae diuji dalam dua kultur. Didapati bahawa strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien memberikan zon jelas terluas. Pada 24 jam, 48 jam, 72 jam dan 7 hari, strain tersebut telah menghasilkan zon perencatan terhadap X. oryzae masing-masing 7.41±0.65, 7.9±0.20, 8.8±0.65 dan 8.90±0.12 mm. Strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien juga mengurangkan pertumbuhan patogen beras kulat F. fujikuroi dan M. oryzae, masing-masing mencapai 98.79% dan 97.74% perencatan. Strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefaciens juga berkesan terhadap X. oryzae, F. fujikuroidan M. oryzae dalam rumah hijau. Empat belas hari selepas pokok padi disembur dengan strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien, jangkitan dengan X. oryzae, F. fujikuroidan M. oryzae masing-masing direncat sebanyak 60%, 37% dan 25%. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien boleh digunakan sebagai agen biokawalan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteria, bakanae dan letupan padi.

Kata kunci: Bacillus amyloliquefacien; Fusarium fujikuroi; Magnaporthe oryzae; sisa makanan; Xanthomonas oryzae

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jutarut.p@psu.ac.th